Which of the following is a basic measurement technique used in performance monitoring?

The basic measurement technique used in performance monitoring is estimation. Estimation involves the process of predicting or calculating an expected outcome based on available data and assumptions. It enables organizations to assess performance against predefined goals and benchmarks by establishing a baseline for comparison.

Estimation is particularly valuable in performance monitoring because it allows managers to make informed decisions based on projected results. For instance, when assessing a project's progress, estimation can help determine if the trajectory aligns with intended milestones. By regularly updating these estimates, organizations can adjust their strategies or processes to improve performance.

In contrast, while evaluation metrics provide specific criteria for assessing performance, they are often more complex than simple estimation and may not always serve as a foundational measurement technique. Cost-benefit analysis is a decision-making tool that evaluates the overall value of options but does not directly measure performance in a continuous way. Similarly, market forecasting is focused on predicting future market conditions rather than monitoring internal performance metrics. Thus, estimation stands out as a primary technique in the basic measurement of performance monitoring.